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Water Supply Schemes

Water  is one of the elements without which no living being could survive. From washing our face in the morning to every task we do, water is part and parcel of daily life. Taking it forward, water is either supplied by government or managed individually or in a community. Here, are some aspects which should be considered while thinking of water requirement and its supply. Before a project of water supply for a particular locality is taken in hand, a scheme is drawn out and the different aspects of the whole scheme are carefully viewed from different angles. The water supply schemes are prepared by the combination of field observations and office work. Usually the advantage of water supply scheme is given to the city in stages i.e., a part of the city is developed first and then the second part is developed and so on. Following are the points of importance in any water supply scheme: (1) Financial aspect (2) Population (3) Quality of water (4) Rate of consumption (5) Sani

Electrical Wiring and Fixtures

Electrical Wiring Electrical wiring  is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings in a structure. Wiring is subject to safety standards for design and installation. Allowable wire and cable types and sizes are specified according to the circuit operating voltage and electric current capability,  with further restrictions on the environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature range, moisture levels, and exposure to sunlight and chemicals. Associated circuit protection, control and distribution devices within a building's wiring system are subject to voltage, current and functional specification. Wiring safety codes vary by locality, country or region. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is attempting to harmonize wiring standards amongst member countries, but significant variations in design and installation requirements still exist. Methods of Electrical Wiring Th

Types of Buildings

BUILDING AND ITS TYPES ( ACCORDING TO NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA ) BUILDING : Any structure for whatsoever purpose and of whatsoever materials constructed and every part thereof, whether used as human habitation or not and includes  foundation,  plinth, walls,  floors,  roofs, chimneys,  plumbing  and  building  services,  fixed platforms, Verandah, balcony, cornice or projection, part of a building or anything affixed thereto or any wall enclosing or intended to enclose any land or space and  signs  and  outdoor  display  structures.  Tents, Shamianahs,  tarpaulin  shelters,  etc,  erected  for temporary  and  ceremonial  occasions  with  the permission of the Authority shall not be considered as building. Buildings has been categorized on the basis of different criteria depending on their usage, design and height, safety standards and other features as follows. RESIDENTIAL   EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONAL  ASSEMBLY BUSINESS MERCANTILE (will include both retail and wholesale stores)

Wall Decoration

WALL DECORATION   We all know that walls are one of the main visual aspects of interior of any built up space. It is much important to have beautiful walls because wall are the first eye catching element of any building. Wall decoration can help in changing our mood. Keeping in mind all these things one wishes to have a good wall covering or wall decoration which is easy to maintain as well as improve interior aesthetics and visually appealing. So, we are going to discuss about what wall covering / wall decoration is and different materials used for the same. WHAT IS WALL COVERING / WALL DECORATION ?   After a wall is constructed ( of any material ) the material used in wall construction remained exposed. So, we use different type of other material, like we do plastering, PoP, painting, paneling etc. This process of covering wall to protect it and to improve aesthetics is what we can say Wall covering or Wall decoration. TYPES OF MATERIALS USED ?   There are a number of materials used

Types of Flooring

FLOORING We all know that flooring is one of the main aspects of interior of any built up space. It is much important in our daily life because almost all the activities are done on floor. Flooring is the first thing that one feels when enter in a space. Keeping in mind all these things one wishes to have a good flooring which is easy to maintain and long lasting. So, we are going to discuss about what flooring is, its types, materials used in flooring etc. WHAT IS FLOORING ?   Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of installing such a floor covering. Floor covering is a term to generically describe any finish material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Both terms are used interchangeably but floor covering refers more to loose-laid materials.  TYPES OF FLOORING ?   Flooring can be divided into two types depending upon the process and whether it is permanent or not. Following are the two types: 01. HARD FLOORING :  A