Because it ensures to provide uninterupted water supply in the building. in case the main municipal water supply is shut off for repairs or cleaning or if there is a power failure. it may also help to supplement the direct municipal supply in case of excess or peak demand.
WATER STORAGE TANKS
In general two types of water storages are required in the building-
- OVERHEAD STORAGE TANKS
- UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
When the city water supply is available at sufficiant pressure whole day, then NO overhead tank is required. However, in most of the cities the water supply is limited to few hours in the morning and evening, due to this reason it becomes imperative to store water in overhead storage tanks.
Requirement depends upon
↓
Number of sanitary fixtures
&
Living standard of occupant
The storage tanks constructed below the ground surface or below the least floor level of building are refer as UNDERGUROUND STORAGE TANKS.
These tanks are required to collect water from municipal supply lines, if the water pressure in the main tank is insufficient to reach the overhead tank. The water collected in the underground tank is then pumped up to the overhead tank.
*Direct use of pumps on the municipal mains is always prohibited by the municipal corporation as it reduces the water pressure in the adjoining buildings.
TYPES OF DOMESTIC UNDERGROUND AND OVERHEAD STORAGE TANKS
- DOMESTIC UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK
Such a tank is made of R.C.C. or Brick Masonry in general. Underground plastic tanks are also trending these days. The tank is to be filled with municipal supply and should be covered from top to avoid any contamination.
CARE TO BE TAKEN:
* It should watertight and does not leak when it is full.
*It should not be located near sewers, septic tanks, soak pits, oil tanks, or underground car parkings to avoid any seepage of water surfaces.
- DOMESTIC OVERHEAD STORAGE TANKS
Overhead tanks placed on the top of the buildings should be properly located so as to safely transmit their loads to beams and columns in the building.
TYPES: R.C.C. or Masonry Tanks
G.I. or Metal Tanks
HDPE Tanks/ Plastic Tanks
- R.C.C. or MASONRY TANKS
Tanks made from R.C.C. or Brick Masonry have traditionally been used. Since they can be constructed in any shape and size to suit the site dimensions.
Brick masonry tanks are generally used for small sizes while R.C.C. tanks are generally adopted in higher sizes.
Such a tank has to be made by adding water proofing compound in the concrete and plaster mix.
All the inlets and outlets must be inserted at the time of construction.
- G.I. or METAL TANKS
Metal tanks fabricated from mild steel or Galvanized Iron sheets have traditionally been used in houses for the years as they can be: Easily fabricated
Light
Durable
Easy to install.
Galvanized tanks are made from G.I. sheets usually 16 or 18 gauge and are fabricated using galvanized angle iron for corner supports and the sheets riveted with GI rivets.
The non-corrosive nature of Galvanized iron tanks makes them ideal for domestic and drinking water. The use of ungalvanized material in fabrication of tanks may corrode the tanks faster.
G.I. tanks are generally made in smaller sizes up to 1800 liter or 1.8 m3 capacity due to limitation of sheet sizes.
Whereas metal tanks using mild steel sheets can however, be fabricated to any shape and sizes with suitable structural supports.
The inside and outside surfaces of such tanks are protected against corrosion using suitable paints and coatings. For the tanks holding water that is for drinking and domestic purposes paints used must be non-toxic.
- HDPE TANKS or PLASTIC TANKS
These are the most used tanks nowadays. These are usually made of HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) or FIBRE GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC or any such strong plastic material.
They are usually available in a variety of shapes and sizes and are light and corrasion resistant.
Though they are not immune to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, they can be protected using appropriate resin coverings.
TYPES: Depending on the process of manufacturing these tanks can be divided in to two types.
ROTO MOULD TANKS
BLOW MOULD TANKS
- ROTO MOULD TANKS
Rotational moulding manufacturing process involves high temperature and low pressure process for plastic formation. In this process, plastic in the form of powder is inserted in a closed split mould. The mould is heated until the powder melts. The molten powder sticks to the walls and form a thin layer. The mould is rotated at variable speed in order to evenly spread the molten powder. Other layers are formed by adding powder plastic. After all the layers are formed, the molten powder is cooled down with air in order to solidify it slowly.
- BLOW MOULD TANKS
The blow moulding process begins with melting down plastic and forming it into a parison. The parison is a tube like piece of plastic with a hole in one end through which compressed air can pass.
The parison is then clamped into a mould, and air is blown into it. The air pressure then pushes the plastic to match the mould. Once the plastic has cooled, the part is ejected. Water channels are curved inside the mould to assist in cooling.
* The cost of blow moulded parts is lower than the rotational moulded parts.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF WATER STORAGE TANKS
+ Should be water tight
+ Vent pipe for ventilation
+ Overflow pipe
+Scour pipe with a plug at bottom
+ Overflow or scour pipe should be directly connected to any drain, gully trap or sewer.
+Vents and overflow must be protected by a suitable gauge or grating to prevent entry of mosquitos and insects.
*If you have any query, then comment it down.
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